The avoidance of aging requires a strategy, and a general strategy of four interrelated principles is outlined below.

Maintain Independence

Personal autonomy and confidence appear to be the underlying requirements for preservation of vitality. Psychologists have developed at least two theories to explain these observations. First, health and avoidance of depression have been linked to the prevention of "helplessness," a feeling that there are no options, nothing is worthwhile, and that there is no way to avoid the situation, Second, a related theory uses the term "locus of control" to differentiate those people who act as though they are in control of their environment and those who act as though they are controlled by their environment. Either way, personal autonomy, plans for the future, looking forward, and taking care of yourself are critically important.

Moderate Your Habits

This subject is a means to good health but also slowing the aging process. The cigarette smoker, heavy drinker, or the overweight person will all age faster than their more moderate counterparts. The avoidance of chronic diseases such as emphysema, cancer and arteriolosclerosis makes it much easier to maintain vigor in later life.

Keep Active

Exercise regularly and pleasurably, at least four days a week for at least fifteen minutes a day. Use your muscles, and build up your heart reserve. Your cells will become more efficient in the use of oxygen, and you will increase your stamina through the rest of the day. Stretching exercises will give you flexibility and help avoid muscle strain. Walk, jog, bicycle, or swim regularly. Play any type of sport for fun. I you have a medical problem or if you are starting out in poor shape, take it slow and easy at first. There is no hurry, and you can take a year or more to get back into shape. But develop a lifelong habit and maintain it.

Be Enthusiastic

The enthusiasm of youth is always tempered with the wisdom of increasing years, and this is undoubtedly good in part. But it seems that our society sometimes places value on indifference and grudging acceptance. To stay young you need to act young in some sense, and this means enthusiasm is perfectly permissible. What do you really want to do? Work, travel, sport, hobby? Do it. Plan ahead and savor the anticipation. Do new things, change hobbies, develop new skills. And enjoy them. You are not as old as long as you look forward with real pleasure to anticipated events in the future.

Instead of taking up all your time with doctors and healthcare consulting, why not enjoy life? By following these four basic principles you will feel younger and enjoy life more.