Heart Stem Cell Trial: Interview With Researcher Roberto Bolli, MD University of Louisville cardiologist Roberto Bolli, MD, led the stem cell study that tested using patients' own heartstem cells to help their hearts recover from heart failure. Though that trial was preliminary, the results look promising -- and may one day lead to a cure for heart failure.

Here, Bolli talks about what this work means and when it might become an option for patients.

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How long until this becomes available?

"Realistically, this will not come... for another three or four years, at least," Bolli says. "It may be longer, depending on the results of the next trial, of course."

Larger studies are needed to confirm the procedure's safety and effectiveness. If those succeed, it could be "the biggest advance in cardiovascular medicine in my lifetime," Bolli says.

How are the other patients in the first trial doing?

A total of 20 patients took part in the initial study.

All of them experienced significant improvement in their heart failure and now function better in daily life, according to Bolli. "The patients can do more, there's more ability to exercise, and the quality of life improves markedly," Bolli says.

Bolli's team published its findings on how the patients were doing one year after stem cell treatment in November 2011 in the Lancet, a British medical journal.

Each patient was infused with about 1 million of his or her own cardiac stem cells, which could eventually produce an estimated 4 trillion new cardiac cells, Bolli says. His team plans to follow each patient for two years after their stem cell procedure.

Keep in mind that this was a phase I study. Those focus on safety more than effectiveness.

How does this compare to other stem cell trials?

The results were "much more striking" than past stem cell trials to heal the heart, Bolli says.

This trial was the first in the world to use stem cells derived from the heart. Earlier studies used stem cells gleaned from different bodily sources, including bone marrow, adipose (fat) tissue, and circulating blood. Those showed either no improvement or only modest gains in a patient's left ventricular ejection fraction, a measure of the heart's pumping ability.