- Clinical history is the first step in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Patients typically fill out a lengthy questionnaire at their first doctor's appointment. The doctor will want to know all the symptoms you currently are experiencing, including a detailed description of any pain and joint stiffness, an approximate time of onset, and the length and duration of your symptoms. The doctor also will ask if you currently take any medication, and if the medication adequately alleviates your symptoms.
- Your doctor will perform a thorough physical examination. Besides taking routine vital signs, she will look for stiff, swollen or tender joints, and will observe your range of motion. Your doctor also will check for visible signs of damage, including twisted or deformed joints, or other growths.
- X-rays are the preferred method of diagnostic testing for osteoarthritis patients. An X-ray will clearly show bone and cartilage damage, including narrowing of the space between joints or any bone spurs.
- Evaluations of blood work and joint fluid usually are only helpful to rule out other illnesses or medical conditions.
- The American College of Rheumatology has developed criteria which doctors use as they diagnosis a patient with osteoarthritis of the hand, hips or knees. This criteria considers factors such as your age, the type of pain, affected joints and diagnostic imaging results.
- There is no cure for osteoarthritis, but there are several steps you can take to reduce associated symptoms. Weight loss can alleviate some of the stress placed on joints. Exercise also can help you maintain flexibility and joint mobility. Alternately, rest is important to decrease inflammation and pain. Finally, physical therapy; some medical devices such as splints, slings or cervical collars; and pain medication (anti-inflammatory drugs) all can provide relief from the pain of osteoarthritis.
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