A drilling rig is essentially a machine or a contraption made to bore holes through the surface of earth to reach natural resources such as water, oil or gas. Water is a commodity which has always been scarce. Civilizations of all times have made use of ground water at one time or another and this equipment has been used for digging water wells for hundreds of years. Due to massive urbanization, there is a huge water scarcity in all parts of the world. The basic principle of a drill rig remains the same i.e. a shovel, bucket and hands. Today machines are used to make water well drilling rigs more efficient.

Water well drilling rigs were earlier operated on a man's or animal's muscle power, then came steam engines in the early nineteenth century and suddenly all mechanical machines were being turned into steam powered ones. The equipment went through same changes. Earlier rigs used to be permanent or semi permanent, because of them being heavy and less economical to transport. Modern technology has made it easy and economical to have mobile options in spite of them being bulky. Drill rig basically consist of a pipe with a drill bit and a derrick, which is a lifting device.

Core systems that define a water well drilling rig are a powerful. These systems remain the same for all of these pieces. Power system in simple words powers the equipment. Power required for the rigs commonly varies from 1000-3000 hp and it can be further altered according to your requirement. Hoisting system does the most important job in drilling water wells. It lifts and lowers the pipe at intervals. After the drill pipe is lowered, the drill bit rotates and digs the land. This is efficiently done by rotary system. Circulatory system then maintains pumping of mud through drill pipe from mud pit into the opening in order to bring rock cuttings to the surface. Sometimes back pressure exerted by the reservoir can be dangerous as it throws soil, mud or rock cuttings at tremendous force. Control and monitory system help in preventing this high pressure blowout from the reservoir.

Water well drilling rigs are classified based on power source, type of pipe, height, drilling method or derrick device position. Most popular methods used for drilling water wells are rotary drilling, auger drilling, hand driven drilling, jetting, hollow rod drilling, etc. You can select a one based on your site's requirement i.e. the diameter of water well required, the length at which water table is found, type of ground soil and the expenses incurred while drilling.