- Shrubs vary in their soil preferences. Before you plant a shrub, talk with a local nursery or county extension office about the varieties you would like to plant. Azaleas, rhododendrons and blueberries require an acidic soil, with a pH level below 5.0. These plants will not thrive in the alkaline soils of the Midwest and Rocky Mountain area without significant soil improvements. Oakleaf hydrangeas require evenly moist soils and mild winters. Select hardy shrubs that are native to your area or adapted to the soil and climate found in your region. Amend the soil with organic matter, such as compost or peat moss, particularly if it is sandy soil or heavy clay. These amendments lighten the soil and improve drainage, which will benefit all types of shrubs.
- Follow planting directions to increase your odds of success. Plant bare root shrubs in early spring, as soon as the soil is soft. Keep the roots covered and moist before planting and dig the hole large enough so the roots can spread out and downward. Dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the roots of container shrubs, and tamp the soil down lightly around the plant to remove any air pockets. Plant shrubs mid-spring to early summer for best results. Planting shrubs in the late summer to early fall requires special care, such as extra watering and mulching.
- Shrubs vary in the amount of water and fertilizer they need. In general, water shrubs every week or more often the first year after planting as they become established. Water shrubs less as they mature, depending on the variety. Some shrubs, such as service berry, lilac and sand cherry, tolerate drought well, requiring little additional water once established. Others, such as hydrangea, dogwood and azaleas, require moist soils.
Fertilize shrubs in the spring as new growth emerges and when the soil is moist. Apply 2 to 4 pounds of nitrogen in a slow-release formula on the soil, starting 12 inches from the base of the plant and extending to the outer branches. Do not apply fertilizer during late summer or fall. Shrubs growing next to a turf area that receives annual fertilizing do not need additional fertilizer. - Occasionally, a shrub may succumb to insect pests and disease. Symptoms of pest and disease problems include brown or chewed leaves, rotted roots or blackened stems. Examine the undersides of the leaves for insects. Remove and destroy infected foliage and use drip irrigation to keep the leaves dry to help prevent the spread of disease. Take a sample of the plant to a local nursery or extension office to identify the problem and provide solutions, such as the application of a fungicide or insecticidal soap.
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