Conclusions
Since the advent of ART, much research has focused on potential adverse consequences. To a great extent, morbidity stems from the higher rate of multiple births. Prematurity, low birthweight, PIH, congenital malformations, and CP are closely tied to multiple gestation. As ART exits its adolescence, SET has become more common. This will mitigate the risk of multiple birth and thus many of the risks associated with ART. However, imprinting abnormalities do not appear to stem from multiple births, and thus the need to consider the association between fertility treatment and methylation disorders remains essential. It is understood that underlying causes of infertility, including advanced maternal age, PCOS, thyroid disease, and uterine fibroids, predispose to adverse outcomes. These, as well as risks of multifetal gestation, must be discussed with patients before embryo transfer.
For patients to make informed decisions, they must be empowered with information on the risks and benefits of their prescribed treatments. With this knowledge, patients will have a clear understanding of the benefits and potential risks of their choices.