- Lipids, including fatty acids, are present in blood and are responsible for a number of biological functions including energy storage. Injury or infection can create fatty streaks that cling to the arterial wall and create blockages where blood does not flow properly into or out of the heart. These blockages can rupture and lead to a serious coronary event, such as a heart attack.
- Arteries become inflamed because of an accumulation of plaque deposits along the artery walls. Inflammation is indicated by an increased level of C-reactive protein and is responsible for a weakening of the arteries. This weakening increases an individual's risk for myocardial infarction or a fatal coronary event. Medication can reduce inflammation and, possibly, the likelihood of death following such an event.
- Endothelial injury occurs when, over time, arteries become scarred with fatty acid streaks and a buildup of smooth muscle tissue, connective tissue and extracellular lipid core form a fibrous cap inside the wall of the artery. This can increase the chances of infection and cardiac disease. Chest radiography or an echocardiogram can reveal areas of the artery where endothelial injuries are present.
- Although some forms of cardiac disease manifest no symptoms, patients often experience severe chest pain and shortness of breath. Rapid heart beat, dizziness, nausea, and sweating may also be present. Additionally, many patients report feeling a heaviness in the chest and a shooting pain down the left arm when a myocardial infarction is imminent.
- Heart disease can be prevented in a number of ways. Medication to lower the amount of blood lipids is one such prevention method. Modifications to the diet including decreasing the amount of simple carbohydrates consumed are also a preventive measure. Weight loss, exercise therapy, and quitting smoking can also decrease the likelihood of experiencing heart disease.
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