Basics

• Acrylic concrete stains are color added to water or a solvent to produce a look similar to semitransparent paint. Water-based stains are replacing those based on chemical solvents and are now the most widely used. They produce less odor and are less volatile than those based on solvents. Acrylic stains are more useful than acid stains if your steps have cosmetic defects.
  
  

Application

• The steps need to be fully cured. If the steps are outdoors, stain them on a day with no rain and a temperature between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Clean the steps to remove any grease or oil that might interfere with the penetration of the stain. Test a small, inconspicuous part of the steps to get the color you want. Apply the stain with a nylon brush. Let the steps dry for three hours, and then apply the stain again, brushing in the opposite direction. Wait for three more hours, and wash and dry the steps with soap and water. One gallon of stain should cover from 200 to 300 square feet, so calculate your requirements accordingly. Rough concrete requires more stain than smooth concrete.
  
  

Special Effects

• Since acid dyes react chemically with the concrete, they will give you deep, rich, earthy colors. To achieve the same look with acrylic stains, apply stains in layers of different strengths. You often have to apply acrylic stains in combinations to achieve rich colors. Instead of applying a green stain, apply a yellow and a blue to get the color you want. Blend layers of acrylic stains to create marbling effects.
  
  

Sealer

• Since concrete steps are subjected to foot traffic, you should seal them after you stain them. If you do not seal them, they will show signs of wear. Wait overnight or for 24 hours after you stain them. Apply two coats. If you want a nonslip surface, sprinkle silica sand on the steps as you apply the first coat. Let the steps dry for three hours before you apply the second coat. Traditional sealers made with solvents that emit harmful fumes are being replaced with water-based sealers. Depending on the amount of use, you might have to reseal your steps every one or two years.