- The simplest form of light is called hard light. This is the kind of light that is created when a light source has no covering on it, like a bare light bulb. The shadows that it casts are hard, meaning the edges are sharp and clearly defined. This produces a dramatic, intense look that may be appropriate for some scenes, but it should never be used as a default simply because a cinematographer or photographer lacks the skill to produce other lighting effects.
- For a softer touch, the image maker can employ diffused light. Unlike hard light, this soft, gentle light produces shadows with soft edges, giving a softer, more pleasing tone to the image. This is the most popular light today in photography and cinematography, and it is created by placing a diffusion material, like a lamp shade, soft-box or photographic umbrella, between the light source and the scene in order to scatter the light rays and create softer edges on the resulting shadows.
- Mixed light is the type of light we most often encounter in our daily lives. It occurs when light from a soft source and a hard source mix together, creating two different styles of shadows. This effect can be employed creatively, as well, though mixing the two types of light can be challenging for a beginner. Experiment with placement and combination until you find a look that you like, and don't forget that much of what you learn about light will come from experience.
- While the style of light has a powerful effect on the resulting image, different lighting effects can also be employed. This include flags and GOBOs, which block the light from falling on a particular part of the scene; colored gels, which are plastic sheets applied over the light to give it a specific color; grids, which focus and soften the light simultaneously; and a host of other special accessories designed to help your lighting look more natural, dramatic and effective.